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The early caliphates date back to the Umayyad Dynasty, which was about 661-750 AD, and the art from this time period is influenced by the caliphs who ruled.  Caliphs, or "successors", were "associates" of the Prophet Muhammad Ali, and they followed Muhammad's idea to refrain from visual representation of religious figures.  So, many of the Islamic arts came in geometric shapes and forms.  The most prominent forms of Islamic arts were of the mosques in the Middle East although there were also some ceramics, cloths, and calligraphy found.